Android异步加载图像(含线程池,缓存方法)
研究了android从网络上异步加载图像:
(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。
在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示
private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); }
上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。
然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?
(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:
final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); } };
对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:
// 引入线程池来管理多线程 private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); }
(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是
建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类
public class AsyncImageLoader3 { //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动) public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务 private final Handler handler=new Handler(); /** * * @param imageUrl 图像url地址 * @param callback 回调接口 * @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null */ public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据 if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); if (softReference.get() != null) { return softReference.get(); } } //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中 executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { callback.imageLoaded(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); return null; } //从网络上取数据方法 protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { try { return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } //对外界开放的回调接口 public interface ImageCallback { //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); } }
这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。
在主线程调用代码:
先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
调用异步加载方法:
//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程 private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() { //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } }
5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:
public class AsyncImageLoader { //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动) private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); /** * * @param imageUrl 图像url地址 * @param callback 回调接口 * @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null */ public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据 if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); if (softReference.get() != null) { return softReference.get(); } } final Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj); } }; new Thread() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable)); } }.start(); /* 下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法 */ // new AsyncTask() { // @Override // protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) { // Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); // imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); // return drawable; // } // // @Override // protected void onPostExecute(Object o) { // callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o); // } // }.execute(); return null; } protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { try { return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } //对外界开放的回调接口 public interface ImageCallback { public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); } }
至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:
package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity; import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.widget.ImageView; import com.bshark.supertelphone.R; import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader; import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity { final Handler handler=new Handler(); final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); } }; private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务 private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader(); private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3(); @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时 // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { executorService.shutdown(); super.onDestroy(); } //线程加载图像基本原理 private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载 private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { Thread thread = new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; message.arg1 = id; message.obj = drawable; handler2.sendMessage(message); } }; thread.start(); thread = null; } // 引入线程池来管理多线程 private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); } //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程 private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() { //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口 private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) { //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() { //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } }
xml文件大致如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> </LinearLayout>
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/7589660